The Treaty of Versailles (Ended WWI)

The Treaty of Versailles affected the Germans in the end of WWI because, they were pretty much blamed for everything and had to give up their land and money. The Treaty made them give up 10% of the any land they owned whether in Europe or overseas. They also lost about 12.5% of their people during the war. The treaty also caused the German's economy to go down and they could barely pay their dues to the Allies. This treaty wasn't fair at all because it gave the right for the rest of the world to blame Germany for everything that was lost in the war. The Germans were in need to recover from this economic downfall that it caused the rise Adolf Hitler to have power and also the rise of Fascism. I think that historians say that the Treaty of Versailles caused the rise of Hitler and fascism because of the economic downfall, so the German people pretty much fell right into Hilter's hands without knowing the consquences of it.

Mustafa Kemal and the Modernization of Turkey

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, was the president of Turkey for 15 years and modernized it as well. Before that, he was a military leader and because he was very successful and also his social-political reforms, Turkey was formed as a new nation. He believed that all the people were supposed to dress, act and live like the Europeans. He also established law which states that people should dress in proper clothing instead of wearing a cloth. He made the agricultural expansion, industrial growth, and technological advancements in Turkey better. His work helped the nation in many different ways, he didn't want Turkey to stay behind in technology or as a civilization.
Secular means worldly rather than spiritual, not specifically relating to religion or to a religious body.

Gandhi

Gandhi helped his nation of India gain its independence from Great Britain in many different non-violent ways. He was born in Porbander in the west of India in 1869. In 1888 he went to study law in London. Then in 1907 he went to South Africa, he held a lot of protests against the government because of the bad treatment towards the Indians. Then in 1915 he returned to India and joined the Congress pretty soon he was one of the party's top leader. This is when it all started he helped the Indians boycott against British goods and convinced them to buy Indian goods. He did this with no violence, he believed that if there was violence involved it would give a negative outcome in which the Indians Independence will never happen. Gandhi was imprisoned in 1922, 1930, 1933 and in 1942, for various charges but none including violence. While he was in prison, he fasted so the violence in India would stop. He believed that if he fasted for a certain amount of time and he died that maybe that way the violence in India will end. Gandhi weaved his own cloth and so did his followers. He did many things to stop the Salt Acts. During this time, Indians could only buy salt from the British, and on top of that they had to pay sales tax on the salt they brought. Gandhi couldn't take it anymore so his followers and himself marched on the sea cost. There they were going to make their own salt. Gandhi wanted Muslims and Hindus to live in the same country, he wanted unity between the two cultures. He was assassinated by an Indian who did not support the idea about Muslims and Hindus living together. The Indian Independence was not all about Gandhi, because the British lost alot of money in the war and barely had money to take care of India so sooner or later they were going to give India back to the Indians.